Headlines
The Headline Verb That Changes the Claim
Headline verbs shape how readers interpret a story’s claim. Learn to spot who is speaking, what the verb implies and…
The archive
All articles
Browse explanations of framing, sourcing, evidence, language and visual communication. Each piece starts with a distinct question and keeps the limits of its answer in view.
Sources
Interview, Document or Post: What Each Source Can Show
Compare interviews, documents and online posts to see what each source can establish, what it leaves out and which…
Evidence
Why a Number Needs Its Denominator
Why a number needs its denominator: learn to identify the group behind a proportion, compare claims fairly and judge…
Language
The Neutral Wording Myth: How Summaries Shape What Readers Notice
The neutral wording myth obscures how summaries select details. Learn to spot naming, order and omission without…
Headlines
A Three-Pass Reading of a Developing Story
A three-pass reading of a developing story helps you track what has changed, separate settled details from open…